Today, Dr. Gosnell, abortionist and convicted murderer gave
up his right of appeal that he might gain a life sentence and escape death. Unfortunately
he didn’t give his unborn victims the same option. Instead of a life sentence, they
got the death penalty.
Tuesday, May 14, 2013
Monday, May 13, 2013
BAPTISM WITH PERMANENT INK!
Baptism is the repentant believer’s pledge of allegiance to King Jesus and speaks of one’s submission to Jesus as Lord. As such, it should be taken seriously. Baptism is a call to count the cost before following Christ. Unfortunately, few approach baptism in this manner. In time, their commitment wanes and they fall by the wayside. I doubt many of these same persons would ever get baptized if they knew they were going be submerged in indelible ink instead of water, maybe a deep crimson ink that demonstratively marked them for life.
GEZA VERMES -- R.I.P.
GEZA VERMES passed away last week (1924-2013). I had one
personal encounter with the renowned Oxford scholar. In 2011, he agreed to an
interview with Criswell Theological Review (CTR), which I edited at the time,
on the subject of the Jewish roots of the NT. I sent him twelve questions,
dealing with a range of topics from the Dead Sea Scrolls to Jewish roots of the
gospel. I opened with a question about his own spiritual journey from Judaism
to Catholicism and back to Judaism. To my surprise Vermes responded with a
scathing email cancelling the interview and charging that I was trying to trap
him and make him look foolish. I fact, I had just completed reading his
autobiography PROVIDENTIAL ACCIDENTS and thought our readers might be interested
in his story. Despite my pleadings with him and assuring him I had the purist
of motives, the venerable octogenarian stuck to his guns. As a result CTR
subscribers were deprived of his insights.
Thursday, March 21, 2013
An Earthly Kingdom Then and Now
The Book of Genesis tells how God creates humans . . .
out of the earth
for the earth
to fill the earth
to rule over the earth
to be sustained by the earth, and
to return to the earth.
Where did we ever get the idea that we are meant for Heaven? Or that salvation is an escape from earth?
Yet, if you visit your favorite bookstore or shop online you will find a
rash of books on Heaven. Most tell a fantastic story of a person who
dies, leaves the body, passes through a tunnel of pure light, and finds
themselves in Heaven where they meet Jesus, angels, saints, and deceased
relatives. Invariably they return to earth to write about their
experiences. These accounts are fanciful and closer to mythology than to
reality.
Both the Hebrew and Christian Scriptures speak of
eternal life in earthly terms. If Heaven were such a fabulous place, why
do we take such heroic measures to avoid death and cling to life on
earth? Intuitively we know that we were meant for earth.
The thesis of HEAVEN ON EARTH is that “God’s kingdom is for the earth. It is for today. It is for you.”
To purchase a copy of HEAVEN ON EARTH at a 48% discount, visit Barnes and Noble or Amazon online.
Thursday, January 31, 2013
Back Cover of HEAVEN ON EARTH
Here is the finished back cover of HEAVEN ON EARTH, which is being released on April 1. Amazon is offering a pre-order discount of 48%, which is less than I can buy it for directly from the publisher. Please order a copy and urge your fiends and colleagues to do the same.
Wednesday, January 09, 2013
WORSHIP IN THE EARLY CHURCH
Oscar Cullmann wrote that the eating of the Lord’s Supper and the presence of the Holy Spirit were the two indispensable features of Christian worship in the early church. Both were manifestations of the exalted Jesus among his people. He served as host of the Supper and ministered through the Spirit. The church thus participated in the “already” aspect of salvation history as it anticipated the “not yet” eschaton. Likewise, when we join Christ in a festive meal and in ministry, worship is transformed into a transcendental experience. In these few hours each week heaven touches earth.
Thursday, January 03, 2013
Second Peter, Anti-Imperial Meals, and Social Identity
I completed my chapter for the T & T Clark
Handbook of Social Identity and the New Testament (eds, Brian Tucker
and Baker Coleman), which will be released at the end of 2013 or the
start of 2014. This book will be the "go-to" reference for scholarly
discussion the topic. It will consist of 30+ chapters. I am happy to be
part of the project.
Sunday, December 30, 2012
Read pages from Heaven on Earth
At Amazon, you can now read the opening pages of my book HEAVEN ON EARTH. Many extra pages can be read also by selecting the "Surprise Me" icon. Amazon and Barnes & Noble are offering a 48% discount off retail.
Monday, December 17, 2012
Deeper Discount
Amazon is now offering Heaven on Earth at a whopping 45% discount on all pre-orders.
Friday, December 14, 2012
TRAGEDY IN NEW TOWN: AN OPPORTUNITY TO MINISTER
The tragedy at New Town, CT is a ministry opportunity for the
church to minister to its extended community. Only the church can
address the issues of life and death from a christian perspective.
You might consider opening the doors of your church tomorrow or Sunday evening for
a community meeting where people can voice their fears and concerns and
express their heart-felt emotions. Then take a few minutes to teach
them what the Bible says about the issue.
What to teach:
2. Evil entered this realm and death resulted.
3. The world is a chaotic and potentially dangerous place.
4. Jesus himself experienced a violent death.
5. God raised Jesus from the grave, breaking death's power.
6. All who die in Christ will likewise be raised and God's kingdom established on earth. This is the believer's hope.
7. Until then evil continues to stalk earth and seeks to motivate people to kill and live destructively. Hence, the massacre.
8. The church is called to minister to those who fear death and to proclaim the gospel of the kingdom, calling people to Christ.
*
Note: Talk about heaven is not especially helpful, since it carries
the idea that salvation is nothing more than the soul's release from the
body--a concept more in line with Greek philosophy than the Bible. This
ultimately, if not immediately, leads to theological confusion rather
than to clarity.
In light of the tragedy, many in your community will be offering advice. Won't you stand up and speak on behalf of God?
Healing and the Kingdom
God provided OT believers with many benefits, including divine health and healing when needed. Take Moses, for example, who “was one hundred and twenty years old when he died. His eyes were not dim nor his natural vigor diminished” (Deuteronomy 34:7). This means, he didn’t need eyeglasses or Viagra. He had the strength of a young man!
To ancient Israel God promises, “I will take sickness away from the midst of you” (Exodus 23:26). Did he keep his promise? Ask Miriam how her leprosy was healed (Numbers 21:1-15); or Hannah how her barrenness was reversed (1 Samuel 1:9-20); or the two widows how their sons were raised from the dead (1 Kings 17:17-24; 2 Kings 4:18-37); or Naaman how the miracle waters cured his leprosy (2 Kings 5:1-14); or the dead man how his limp body came back to life when it touched Elisha’s bones (2 Kings 13:21); or King Hezekiah how he was given fifteen more years of life after being at death’s door (2 Chronicles 32:24-26); or the multitudes how they were cured of venomous snake bites when they glanced up at a pole (Numbers 21:4-9).
The Psalmist writes:
Bless the Lord, O my soul,
forget not all His benefits:
Who forgives all your iniquities,
Who heals all your diseases (Psalm 103:2-3).
The Psalmist says that both forgiveness and healing are part of the benefit package for OT saints. Don't you wish we still lived under the old covenant??!!
[I devote an entire chapter to healing as a kingdom blessing in HEAVEN ON EARTH. It is a very provocative chapter! Pre-order today at Amazon at a 42% discount]
To ancient Israel God promises, “I will take sickness away from the midst of you” (Exodus 23:26). Did he keep his promise? Ask Miriam how her leprosy was healed (Numbers 21:1-15); or Hannah how her barrenness was reversed (1 Samuel 1:9-20); or the two widows how their sons were raised from the dead (1 Kings 17:17-24; 2 Kings 4:18-37); or Naaman how the miracle waters cured his leprosy (2 Kings 5:1-14); or the dead man how his limp body came back to life when it touched Elisha’s bones (2 Kings 13:21); or King Hezekiah how he was given fifteen more years of life after being at death’s door (2 Chronicles 32:24-26); or the multitudes how they were cured of venomous snake bites when they glanced up at a pole (Numbers 21:4-9).
The Psalmist writes:
Bless the Lord, O my soul,
forget not all His benefits:
Who forgives all your iniquities,
Who heals all your diseases (Psalm 103:2-3).
The Psalmist says that both forgiveness and healing are part of the benefit package for OT saints. Don't you wish we still lived under the old covenant??!!
[I devote an entire chapter to healing as a kingdom blessing in HEAVEN ON EARTH. It is a very provocative chapter! Pre-order today at Amazon at a 42% discount]
Thursday, December 13, 2012
"WE'VE A STORY TO TELL TO THE NATIONS!"
The Church has a story to tell. It begins with creation, includes the call for humans to rule the earth under God, their yielding to another voice, which subverts their rule, God's reclamation of the world through a New Man who faithfully obeys the true Voice, is murdered and raised from the dead to form a new humanity that pledges allegiance to God and take
s his message to the world.
Unfortunately, God's people in America often and mistakenly seek to find their identity in the American story rather in God's story. God's story is older and bigger than the American story. It's timeline reaches back to the Garden of Eden and extends forward to God's kingdom on earth. Therefore, which story is more important? That's the one we must proclaim!
Wednesday, December 12, 2012
Peter Davids Review Endorsement of HEAVEN ON EARTH
Alan Streett has written a very readable theology of the kingdom of God. But it is more than a theology, for it is the grand narrative of God's relationship to the world and humanity told in a fascinating manner without any mincing of words when it comes to bringing out its practical implications. I can only hope that as many as can get their hands on it will indeed "Take up and read." At the end of the work one wants to stand and sing the "Hallelujah Chorus."
Peter Davids, Ph.D.
Visiting Professor of Christianity
Houston Baptist University
Far-sighted Christians Wanted
Great quote from A. W. Tozer:
"There is a glorious catholicity of the saints, a mystic brotherhood of the farsighted, who have long been straining their eyes to catch a glimpse of the King in His beauty in the land that is very far off. With great joy and deep humility I claim membership in that brotherhood. This is the oldest and largest church in the world; it is the church of the Cross-smitten, of the God-enamoured.
"So as the years go on, I am coming to care less and less about any man's denominational ties. Let a man have a faraway look in his eyes, let him bow his head and whisper the ever-blessed name of Jesus, and he is my brother, whatever his name may be. And whether he will admit it or not. If by some bit of unfortunate education he may believe his church to be the only one, and consign me to perdition because I am not in it, I will still own him a member of the family of God if I find in his life the marks of the Cross and in his eyes the long look that reveals the man of faith."
Monday, December 03, 2012
Monday, November 26, 2012
READ TO LEARN
In a previous life I was not the nicest person. For example, I did not read books written by those of other persuasions that I might learn, grow, or get a new theological perspective on a subject. Rather, as a self-ordained “discerner of spirits” and “cult buster,” I read only to ferret out doctrinal error and to find fault. This seems opposite of Jesus’ admonition to treat others as I would want them to treat me. A few people have read my book “The Effective Invitation” with one object in mind—to criticize. It wasn’t fun. For the remainder of my time on earth, I am committed to being a life-long learner, not a life-long critic.
Thursday, November 08, 2012
Galleys
I are busy reading the galleys for HEAVEN ON EARTH (Harvest House). Gene Skinner, my editor, has done an excellent job! He has improved immensely my sentence structure (which I thought was pretty good to start with), making my book highly readable for the masses. I am excited at the book's potential impact. I am glad also that Amazon is offering a deep discount on all pre-orders.
Monday, October 29, 2012
From Opening Chapter of HEAVEN ON EARTH
For over a decade, I have been consumed by the kingdom of God. It has become my passion. . . . In my opinion, there is nothing of more importance than correctly understanding the kingdom. It is the overarching theme of the entire Bible and the great umbrella under which all other subjects are subsumed.
My goal is to introduce you to the kingdom of God in such a manner that you too will become captivated by it. If I succeed in my mission, you will never be the same. Are you ready to embark on the adventure of a lifetime?
The journey begins in a garden (Genesis 1:1) and ends in paradise (Revelation 22:21). Along the way, we will meet many interesting characters and discover great treasures. Be forewarned, however, the trip is not for the faint-of-heart. We will encounter various obstacles—potholes, detours, twist and turns—that have the potential of disrupting and slowing down our progress toward the goal. But, do not despair. The road signs are plentiful and our maps are reliable. If we take our time to navigate carefully, we can reach our destination. If we succeed, our knowledge of the kingdom of God will be crisp and clear. Best of all, we will discover how to tap into the kingdom’s riches and to enjoy them here and now.
Sunday, October 28, 2012
According to the four Gospel writers, Jesus’ public ministry began with the appearance of John the Baptist, prophet extraordinaire, who called for Israel’s leaders and her people to turn from their self-centered ways and toward the God of their forefathers. John’s message was simple and direct: “Repent, for the kingdom of God is at hand!” (Matthew 3:2). Notice, first John called upon his audience to do something: “Repent!” They were to obey this command then and there without delay. Thus the message was relevant for them. Second, John gave them a reason for this action: “for (because) the kingdom of God is at hand.” He did not say, “The Kingdom of God is 2,000 years away” or “The kingdom is being delayed indefinitely.” Yet, many popular Bible teachers and commentaries hold that the kingdom is entirely in the future. If that were the case, John missed the mark by a county mile and his message had no application for his audience.
What do you think?
Friday, October 26, 2012
Brian McLaren Endorses HEAVEN ON EARTH
R. Alan Streett has come upon a discovery that is revolutionizing his understanding of the Bible, the gospel, and the Christian life. You feel his exhilaration in every chapter as he grapples deeply with Jesus' core message - not simply about how to get your soul to heaven when you die, but how God's dreams for planet earth can come true, beginning with you, and catching all of us up in God's transforming mission. This is a courageous work that will stimulate needed conversations about the Bible and the gospel, especially in Baptist and Evangelical circles. Highly recommended.
Brian D. McLaren
Author and speaker
brianmclaren.net
Sunday, October 21, 2012
John H. Armstrong Endorses "Heaven on Earth"
"Good biblical scholarship always needs clear-headed and careful writers who can help the church as a whole grasp the 'core essentials' of the gospel of the kingdom. Alan Streett has written a rare book, combining good scholarship with a compelling and clear style that allows him to speak powerfully to a wide audience. There is gold in this hill–search and find. I am quite sure your efforts will be rewarded."
John H. Armstrong, President, Act 3
Friday, October 12, 2012
MORE ENDORSEMENTS FOR "HEAVEN ON EARTH'
Among those who have already agreed to endorse my book “Heaven on Earth: Experiencing the Kingdom of God in the Here and Now” are NT scholar Peter Davids (HBU), Christian thinker John Armstrong, and church plant expert Ed Stetzer. Those presently reading the manuscript include theologian Stanley Hauerwas (Duke), religious historian Randall Balmer (Dartmouth), and popular writer Shane Claiborne.
Research and Publications
The Baker Dictionary of Cults, Sects, and World Religions, Wayne House, General Editor (Baker Books, forthcoming 2014). I am contributing 55 entries on various cults and cult personalities (50,000 words, approximately 150 pages).
The T&T Clark Handbook of Social Identity and the New Testament, Brian Tucker and Coleman Baker, eds. (T & T Clark, forthcoming 2014). I am writing major chapter: “Agapé Feasts as a means of forming Christian Social Identity in Second Peter.”
The B & H Worldview Study Bible, David Dockery, General Editor (Broadman & Holman, forthcoming 2014). I am writing three article-length essays on worldview-related topics.
Heaven on Earth. Experiencing the Kingdom of God—Here and Now! Harvest House, Eugene, OR (forthcoming, April 2013). Length: 304 pages.
Subversive Meals: Eating the Lord’s Supper under Roman Domination during the First Century, Wipf & Stock (forthcoming, January 2013). Length: 356 pages.
Wednesday, October 10, 2012
First Endorsement for HEAVEN ON EARTH
When Dr. Alan Streett writes a book it has a long life because of the way he reveals Biblical truth in such a practical and applicable manner. In a day when world events lead believers to focus so much on Christ's second coming that they forget to appropriate all the first coming provides, HEAVEN ON EARTH is a welcome addition. Streett reminds us that we do not have to wait for our Lord's millennial reign to be blessed. Christ is ruling already from the Father’s right hand. This reminder should move every believer to get this book...read it and reap!
O.S. Hawkins
President/CEO
GuideStone Financial Resources
Saturday, October 06, 2012
Back Cover and Endorsements
The back cover of HEAVEN ON EARTH will include the following copy, plus endorsements from several well-known Christians, including Peter Davids and John Armstrong:
The future hope of heaven is pulled into the here-and-now in this illuminating description of the kingdom of God.
Popular teacher and author R. Alan Streett exposes half-truths about the kingdom that many believers have unwittingly accepted. He contrasts these with the testimony of Scripture:
* Jesus inaugurated the kingdom of God on the earth--it has already begun. As ambassadors of the kingdom, we are to fulfill our responsibilities and enjoy its benefits here and now.
* Salvation does not culminate with the soul escaping the body and living forever in heaven. Our bodies will eventually be transformed, and we will live with God on a restored earth.
* The church is like an embassy of heaven in a foreign country. In their life together, believers demonstrate kingdom realities to the world.
Readers will find hope and direction in this fresh presentation of the historic teaching on the kingdom.
“Heaven on Earth” can be pre-ordered: http://www.amazon.com/Heaven-Earth-Experiencing-Kingdom-Here/dp/0736949143/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1349569888&sr=8-1&keywords=heaven+streett
Wednesday, October 03, 2012
Book Moves to New Phase
My manuscript HEAVEN ON EARTH has moved from the editing stage to the gallery stage. This means it is being formatted and printed. I will then read through it, make necessary corrections, and give my approval for final publication. Amazon lists the book as 256 pages, but it is actually 304 pages. You can pre-order book at: http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=heaven+streett
Monday, October 01, 2012
ISBN # for SUBVERSIVE MEALS
ISBN 978-1-62032-018-1 has been assigned to my book "Subversive Meals: An Analysis of the Lord’s Supper under Roman Domination during the First Century" (Wipf and Stock). It is tentatively scheduled to be published by mid-January 2013 -- just in time for Spring semester.
Wednesday, September 12, 2012
John the Baptist and the Apostle Peter
John the Baptist and the Apostle Peter preached the same message except for one distinction. John preached “a baptism of repentance for the remission of sins” (Mark 1:4; Luke 3:4). Peter added the Holy Spirit to the mix: “Repent, and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:38-39).
Both baptized in water, but only Peter promised the Holy Spirit in addition to forgiveness of sins!
The Holy Spirit’s presence was the sign that the kingdom had already arrived. It was God’s eschatological gift to his people. Just as God sent the Holy Spirit upon Jesus at his baptism, so he pours out the Spirit on Jesus’ disciples when they are baptized. As James Dunn writes, “Wherever the Spirit is there is the Kingdom of God.”
The question remains, if Peter promised the Holy Spirit to all who were baptized in Jesus’ name, should we do the same?
Saturday, September 08, 2012
The Kingdom has Arrived Already
Jesus concludes his sermon in the Nazareth synagogue with the words, “Today this scripture is fulfilled in your hearing” (Luke 4:21). This verse offers a clue as to the manner of the kingdom’s arrival.
The words, “This scripture is fulfilled" is a reference to Isaiah’s prophecy about the kingdom coming to earth.
The specific time of its fulfillment is “Today.” Not tomorrow or next year or in two millennia (as some evangelicals believe).
A geographic indicator is given: “in your hearing.” Right there in the midst of the synagogue crowd at Nazareth.
When we put the pieces together we see that the kingdom arrived with Jesus as he launched his public ministry. The kingdom of God was no longer a future hope only, but a present reality. As missionary strategist Lesslie Newbigin remarked of the kingdom: “It now had a name and a face—-the name and face of the man from Nazareth.”
The waiting period was over. God was initiating his work of salvation on earth.
Friday, September 07, 2012
Is our Gospel Relevant?
If the gospel’s goal is simply about getting people into heaven, as many believe, where is its relevance? Most people who hear the gospel will not die for years. Therefore, they will have little incentive to respond immediately. With little or no relevance for the here and now, the logic for evangelism is weakened. It would be like me trying to sell you a front row seat to a New York Yankees game for a date yet to be determined by the ball club between now and 2080! You would not likely purchase ticket. It may be a good deal, but where’s the urgency? Waiting would seem to be more prudent.
Tuesday, September 04, 2012
Chapter Titles: "Heaven on Earth"
HEAVEN ON EARTH
Table of Contents
Dedication
Acknowledgements
1. Discovering the Kingdom
2. In the Beginning was the Kingdom
3. The Kingdom in the Old Testament Era
4. Rome: The Final Empire
5. God’s Appointed and Anointed King
6. Exorcism: Sign of the Kingdom’s Arrival
7. Kingdom Healings and Miracles
8. AM and FM Christians
9. The Church and Its Worldwide Mission
10. The Final Week
11. The Present Reign of the Exalted Christ
12. I Pledge Allegiance to the Lamb
13. The Church as a Colony and Embassy
14. The Kingdom-Focused Church
Saturday, July 07, 2012
The Nature of the Ekklesia
I have spent my time this week writing that the first-century church (ekklesia) should be viewed as a voluntary association. In particular, it is a messianic association. I believe the church/voluntary association linkage is critical to understanding correctly the instructions and descriptions contained in the Epistles to the churches. Once the connection is made, things get much clearer. I also believe this will become the scholarly consensus among NT scholars within the next decade.
Friday, March 23, 2012
Endorsements of Subversive Meals
Here are the four blurbs that will appear on the back cover of my upcoming book Subversive Meals, due out in August 2012:
“Worship is politics. Alan Streett sets the Lord’s Supper in the context of Passover and Jesus’ mealtime teaching to argue astutely that it was an anti-imperial praxis. It contested Roman rule, ideology, and stratified social practice with theological and Christological counter-assertions, and egalitarian social practices. Streett’s insightful argument makes a significant contribution in recasting understandings of the Lord’s Supper.”
Warren Carter, Professor of New Testament,
Brite Divinity School, TCU (Fort Worth, TX)
“The concept behind this book is brilliant, and Streett has given it a thorough and judicious study. This book will serve as a benchmark for future scholarly debates about early Christian meals and anti-imperial rhetoric.”
Dennis E. Smith, LaDonna Kramer Meinders Professor of New Testament,
Phillips Theological Seminary (Tulsa, OK)
“The Passover meal was a celebration of liberation from the ancient Egyptian Empire. So if the Lord's Supper continued the tradition of the Passover celebration, as Streett contends, wasn't it a celebration of liberation from the Roman Empire? Alan Streett has ‘connected the dots’ in a careful step by step analysis and argument. For those loyal to a Lord who transcended Caesar as Lord, the Supper quickly became the central ceremony of their cohesive communities, which collectively formed an alternative, anti-imperial society.”
Richard A. Horsley, Distinguished Professor of Liberal Arts and Religion,
University of Massachusetts (Boston, MA)
“Working especially with the New Testament writings of Luke and Paul, Streett demonstrates the surprisingly political significance of the early church’s Lord’s Supper. That is, the Supper had not only to do with the church’s internal life but spoke profoundly of the church’s rejection of Roman imperial ideology and the practices by which it was propagated. The consequences of this study are both historically important and theologically challenging, since Streett’s work participates in the ongoing destruction of the walls that separate theology and practice, and worship and politics.”
Joel B. Green, Professor of New Testament Interpretation,
Fuller Theological Seminary (Pasadena, CA)
“Worship is politics. Alan Streett sets the Lord’s Supper in the context of Passover and Jesus’ mealtime teaching to argue astutely that it was an anti-imperial praxis. It contested Roman rule, ideology, and stratified social practice with theological and Christological counter-assertions, and egalitarian social practices. Streett’s insightful argument makes a significant contribution in recasting understandings of the Lord’s Supper.”
Warren Carter, Professor of New Testament,
Brite Divinity School, TCU (Fort Worth, TX)
“The concept behind this book is brilliant, and Streett has given it a thorough and judicious study. This book will serve as a benchmark for future scholarly debates about early Christian meals and anti-imperial rhetoric.”
Dennis E. Smith, LaDonna Kramer Meinders Professor of New Testament,
Phillips Theological Seminary (Tulsa, OK)
“The Passover meal was a celebration of liberation from the ancient Egyptian Empire. So if the Lord's Supper continued the tradition of the Passover celebration, as Streett contends, wasn't it a celebration of liberation from the Roman Empire? Alan Streett has ‘connected the dots’ in a careful step by step analysis and argument. For those loyal to a Lord who transcended Caesar as Lord, the Supper quickly became the central ceremony of their cohesive communities, which collectively formed an alternative, anti-imperial society.”
Richard A. Horsley, Distinguished Professor of Liberal Arts and Religion,
University of Massachusetts (Boston, MA)
“Working especially with the New Testament writings of Luke and Paul, Streett demonstrates the surprisingly political significance of the early church’s Lord’s Supper. That is, the Supper had not only to do with the church’s internal life but spoke profoundly of the church’s rejection of Roman imperial ideology and the practices by which it was propagated. The consequences of this study are both historically important and theologically challenging, since Streett’s work participates in the ongoing destruction of the walls that separate theology and practice, and worship and politics.”
Joel B. Green, Professor of New Testament Interpretation,
Fuller Theological Seminary (Pasadena, CA)
Thursday, February 16, 2012
PreachingToday.Com
Brian Larson, publisher of PreachingToday.com, contacted me and requested to put my FBC Jax Pastor’s Conference message “Applying the Word” on their website. One of his colleagues attended the session and thought it should be made available to a wider audience. It should be up soon. Preaching Today is part of the Christianity Today network.
New Writing Project
I just agreed to write a chapter for the "T & T Clark Handbook to Social Identity and the New Testament" edited by Brian Tucker and Coleman Baker. My topic will be the Agage Feast in 2 Peter/Jude as a means for shaping social identity. The goal is for the book is to be the "go to" guide for social identity discussions for NT scholars. It will be published in late 2013 in time for the national SBL meeting.
Tuesday, December 13, 2011
Peace on Earth
The angelic choir sang the first song of Christmas: "Glory to God / in the highest / and on earth peace /among those of [God's] favor" (2:14).
Its theme was peace. But what made this heralded peace different than the Roman peace (Pax Romana) that already filled the world at Jesus’ birth? Or as John Dominic Crossan asks, “If the Roman Augustus had already established peace on earth, what was left for the Jewish Jesus to accomplish?” He goes on to say, “The difference was not in the that of peace but in its how, not in the purpose and intention of peace but in the mode and method of its accomplishment . . . . For Rome the mode and method was: religion, war, victory, peace . . . . But the messianic vision of the Jewish Jesus proclaimed a different program: religion, non-violence, justice, peace. Its mantra was peace through justice.”
He adds, “Victory's violence establishes not peace but lull -- until the next and always more violent round of war. The Christian challenge of Christmas is this: justice is what happens when all receive a fair share of God's world and only such distributive justice can establish peace on earth.”
While Crossan is correct in his analysis, he erroneously believes justice can be achieved here and now when governments distribute wealth equally to all. In reality, it will be achieved only when God establishes his kingdom on earth under the rule of Messiah. Until then, the church in submission to Christ is called to practice egalitarian justice, and thus demonstrate in part what the future kingdom will be like. In doing so, the church serves as an attractive alternative to the kingdoms of this world.
Its theme was peace. But what made this heralded peace different than the Roman peace (Pax Romana) that already filled the world at Jesus’ birth? Or as John Dominic Crossan asks, “If the Roman Augustus had already established peace on earth, what was left for the Jewish Jesus to accomplish?” He goes on to say, “The difference was not in the that of peace but in its how, not in the purpose and intention of peace but in the mode and method of its accomplishment . . . . For Rome the mode and method was: religion, war, victory, peace . . . . But the messianic vision of the Jewish Jesus proclaimed a different program: religion, non-violence, justice, peace. Its mantra was peace through justice.”
He adds, “Victory's violence establishes not peace but lull -- until the next and always more violent round of war. The Christian challenge of Christmas is this: justice is what happens when all receive a fair share of God's world and only such distributive justice can establish peace on earth.”
While Crossan is correct in his analysis, he erroneously believes justice can be achieved here and now when governments distribute wealth equally to all. In reality, it will be achieved only when God establishes his kingdom on earth under the rule of Messiah. Until then, the church in submission to Christ is called to practice egalitarian justice, and thus demonstrate in part what the future kingdom will be like. In doing so, the church serves as an attractive alternative to the kingdoms of this world.
Sunday, December 11, 2011
Supernatural Conception
Matthew 1:16 declares, "Jacob begat Joseph, the husband of Mary of whom was born Jesus Christ." From this verse we see two things: 1) Joseph did not begat Jesus, 2) yet, Jesus was born of Mary. How did this event occur? What transpired? Rudolf Schnackenburg says the explanation is found in Matthew 1:18-25, which serves an extended footnote to verse 16. Verse 18 opens with these words: "Now the birth of Jesus was as follows." The remainder of the section fills in the details, telling how at first Joseph suspects Mary of adultery, only to change his mind after having a God-inspired dream in which an angel reveals that the pregnancy is of supernatural origin. One interesting tidbit in the account is that the angel says that Mary will have "a son." Here is a case where the gender of an unborn child is revealed two millennia before the invention of the sonogram!
Friday, December 09, 2011
Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization
Got home to find discover the Blackwell Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization (Wiley Blackwell, Oxford, UK) had finally arrived. What a surprise! This is a monumental work, taking several years to publish. I contributed ten articles to the 4 volume set, including entries on Peter Marshall, Charles E. Fuller, Aimee Semple McPherson, among others.
Wednesday, December 07, 2011
The Davidic Focus of Jesus' Genealogy
The genealogy of Jesus begins with King David, not Abraham, which seems unusual since Abraham preceded David by 800 years (v 1). Why the reversal? Most likely because David is the pivotal figure in the genealogy, which is divided into three sections. Section I covers the time from Abraham to David’s ascent to the throne (vv 2-6). Section 2 covers the time between David’s rule to the exile in Babylon (vv 7-11). Section 3 cover the years between the return from exile to the restoration of David’s dynasty through the Messiah Jesus (vv 8-16).
Matthew says each section consists of 14 generations (v 17). Yet, only sections 1 and 2 have 14 generations; section 3 has 13 generations. Why the discrepancy? Can’t Matthew add? Matthew must have something else in mind. Especially since section 1 covers 800 years, while sections 2 and 3 cover 400 and 575 years, respectively. Based on the time difference alone, the number of generations cannot be the same for each section. So what is Matthew’s point?
Most likely, Matthew is using a code system known as gematria (which assigns value to Hebrew letters) to say that each section is about David. Since the Hebrew alphabet is devoid of vowels, David’s name is D-V-D. Its value is D = 4, V = 6, D = 4, for a total of 14. Therefore, Matthew likely means each section is equivalent to 14 or is about D-V-D.
While the genealogy focuses on David, it ends with Jesus. It is his lineage (vv 1, 17). He is the Royal Messiah who ushers in the Kingdom of God. All the promises and hopes of Israel find their fulfillment in Jesus.
Matthew says each section consists of 14 generations (v 17). Yet, only sections 1 and 2 have 14 generations; section 3 has 13 generations. Why the discrepancy? Can’t Matthew add? Matthew must have something else in mind. Especially since section 1 covers 800 years, while sections 2 and 3 cover 400 and 575 years, respectively. Based on the time difference alone, the number of generations cannot be the same for each section. So what is Matthew’s point?
Most likely, Matthew is using a code system known as gematria (which assigns value to Hebrew letters) to say that each section is about David. Since the Hebrew alphabet is devoid of vowels, David’s name is D-V-D. Its value is D = 4, V = 6, D = 4, for a total of 14. Therefore, Matthew likely means each section is equivalent to 14 or is about D-V-D.
While the genealogy focuses on David, it ends with Jesus. It is his lineage (vv 1, 17). He is the Royal Messiah who ushers in the Kingdom of God. All the promises and hopes of Israel find their fulfillment in Jesus.
Monday, December 05, 2011
God's Gals
Jesus' genealogy includes several women, a rarity among Jewish genealogies. These women are Gentiles--Tamar and Rahab (both Canaanites), Ruth (Moabite), and Bathsheba (Hittite)-- all of whom had had illicit or questionable sexual relationships with Jewish men, which resulted in the birth of children. Tamar disguised herself as a prostitute and seduced Judah, her father-in-law, producing twins. Rahab, a prostitute who plied her trade on the wall at Jericho, had a child (Boaz) with Salmon, whether through marriage or not we don't know. Ruth, a widower, crawled under the covers of Boaz, and Obed was born. These women are king David's ancestors.
Then David had an affair with Bathsheba, a married woman, and sent her husband Uriah to the frontlines of battle to be killed. David and Bathsheba wed and had Solomon who became Israel's new king.
Why does Matthew lists these women in Jesus' genealogy? First, to show that despite mistakes and moral indiscretions, God works providentially to bring about his will. Second, to show that God loves, forgives, and uses people on the margins to fulfill his plans. Third, to show his plan of redemption includes Gentiles. Fourth, to ease the scandal surrounding Mary's pregnancy, who stands in the line of these women.
From a human perspective Mary was a tainted woman because she became pregnant prior to marriage. Joseph, to whom she was espoused, knew Jesus was not his child. Although he learned through a vision the truth about Mary, her neighbors did not. They all looked on her as an immoral woman and Jesus as her illegitimate child (John 8:41).
Finally, for Matthew's audience living decades after Jesus, this genealogy offers them hope and encouragement because they, too, have been marginalized. Rejected by non-messianic Jewish family members and friends for following Jesus and rubbing shoulders with Gentile Christ followers, they have been kicked out of synagogues and declared dead. But God accepts them and will use them to do great things just as he used the women in Jesus' genealogy, despite public opposition.
Jesus is the savior of those on the margins. They may be rejected by man, but they are accepted by God!
Then David had an affair with Bathsheba, a married woman, and sent her husband Uriah to the frontlines of battle to be killed. David and Bathsheba wed and had Solomon who became Israel's new king.
Why does Matthew lists these women in Jesus' genealogy? First, to show that despite mistakes and moral indiscretions, God works providentially to bring about his will. Second, to show that God loves, forgives, and uses people on the margins to fulfill his plans. Third, to show his plan of redemption includes Gentiles. Fourth, to ease the scandal surrounding Mary's pregnancy, who stands in the line of these women.
From a human perspective Mary was a tainted woman because she became pregnant prior to marriage. Joseph, to whom she was espoused, knew Jesus was not his child. Although he learned through a vision the truth about Mary, her neighbors did not. They all looked on her as an immoral woman and Jesus as her illegitimate child (John 8:41).
Finally, for Matthew's audience living decades after Jesus, this genealogy offers them hope and encouragement because they, too, have been marginalized. Rejected by non-messianic Jewish family members and friends for following Jesus and rubbing shoulders with Gentile Christ followers, they have been kicked out of synagogues and declared dead. But God accepts them and will use them to do great things just as he used the women in Jesus' genealogy, despite public opposition.
Jesus is the savior of those on the margins. They may be rejected by man, but they are accepted by God!
Monday, November 28, 2011
Christmas: God with Us
Warren Carter says the Gospel of Matthew was written to people on the margins. These were Jewish and Gentiles believers who were members of house churches in Antioch, Syria around 80/90 AD. After the destruction of the Temple and burning of Jerusalem, these believers faced estrangement and even persecution. Matthew's Gospel is a pastoral letter intended to encourage them in the faith. It opens with Jesus being called Immanuel, i.e. "God is with us." It closes with Jesus saying, "I am with you always." What comfort to know that when forsaken by friends and family, Jesus is with us!
Wednesday, November 23, 2011
Happy Thanksgiving!
Thanksgiving is a holiday that predates the founding of the United States. The Pilgrims gave thanks to God for surviving their first year in the new world. Thereafter, the settlers gave thanks yearly for a good harvest. It became more politicized in 1863, when President Lincoln proclaimed the last Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day in an effort to promote unity between the northern and southern states. It became a federal holiday in 1941 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. People celebrate Thanksgiving today for various reasons. More often than not, it is viewed as a day to eat heartily, watch the Macy’s Day parade and/or innumerable football games, recognize the start of Christmas shopping season, and thank God for our nation. So, its meaning has changed over the years.
During New Testament times thanksgiving (small “s”) was an anti-imperial practice that recognized God, not Rome, as the source of supply. In a very real sense, prayer is a subversive action and a threat to every totalitarian government that seeks to control the lives of their citizens.
Christians worldwide should adopt Jesus’ prayer as our model: “Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name, they kingdom come, they will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread . . . .”
During New Testament times thanksgiving (small “s”) was an anti-imperial practice that recognized God, not Rome, as the source of supply. In a very real sense, prayer is a subversive action and a threat to every totalitarian government that seeks to control the lives of their citizens.
Christians worldwide should adopt Jesus’ prayer as our model: “Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name, they kingdom come, they will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread . . . .”
When Nations go to War
The church of Jesus Christ is larger than any one nation. It's members live in every country of the world and are called upon to represent the kingdom of God to those nations. Like an embassy that supports only the agenda of its homeland, so the church supports God's agenda alone and not a nationalistic agenda of the country where it is located.
When nations wreck havoc and engage in mass destruction, such actions serve the purposes of Satan, the god of this world.
Therefore, when one nation declares war against another nation, the church cannot support that action. Nor should it encourage its members to fight in the war, since that would involve Christians from one nation killing Christians from the opposing nation. The church must not place loyalty to a nation above loyalty to the kingdom of God.
What should the church do? First, call upon its governmental leaders to seek non-violent solutions. Second, if war is declared, it must state publicly and unequivocally that it opposes the war. Third, it should weep for the victims of war and minister to them and their families. Fourth, it should preach the gospel of the kingdom and call the nation to repent and submit to Jesus as Lord.
The church must demonstrate what it is like to live under the reign of God. In presenting an alternative path to peace, the church reflects in part what the rule of God will look like when the kingdom arrives in it's fulness.
When the church embraces the ethics of a nation, it loses it's prophetic voice and it's identity as an embassy of the kingdom within that nation. It becomes just another organization that supports nationalistic causes, rather than a vehicle that calls people to align with the kingdom of God.
When nations wreck havoc and engage in mass destruction, such actions serve the purposes of Satan, the god of this world.
Therefore, when one nation declares war against another nation, the church cannot support that action. Nor should it encourage its members to fight in the war, since that would involve Christians from one nation killing Christians from the opposing nation. The church must not place loyalty to a nation above loyalty to the kingdom of God.
What should the church do? First, call upon its governmental leaders to seek non-violent solutions. Second, if war is declared, it must state publicly and unequivocally that it opposes the war. Third, it should weep for the victims of war and minister to them and their families. Fourth, it should preach the gospel of the kingdom and call the nation to repent and submit to Jesus as Lord.
The church must demonstrate what it is like to live under the reign of God. In presenting an alternative path to peace, the church reflects in part what the rule of God will look like when the kingdom arrives in it's fulness.
When the church embraces the ethics of a nation, it loses it's prophetic voice and it's identity as an embassy of the kingdom within that nation. It becomes just another organization that supports nationalistic causes, rather than a vehicle that calls people to align with the kingdom of God.
Friday, September 30, 2011
The Kingdom has Arrived!
Some biblical scholars hold that the kingdom of God is a future reality only and does not have a present manifestation. Yet Jesus, like John the Baptist before him, called upon his hearers to repent and announced that “the kingdom of God is at hand.” Was he mistaken? Was it at hand as he claimed or was it to arrive in the distant future?
A clue may be found in the wording of the Lord’s Prayer. When his disciples ask for instructions on how to pray, Jesus answers, “When you pray, say: ‘Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come’” (Luke 11:1-2). Were they to pray expecting God to answer speedily? This seems to be the case. After all, the remainder of the instructions deals with immediate expectations: “Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we ourselves forgive everyone indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation” (vv 3-4).
It seems they were expecting the prayer to be answered without delay. Hence they were expecting the kingdom of God to arrive likewise.
Only 10 verses later, Luke tells how one of Jesus’ opponents accuses him of casting out demons by Beelzebub, which he denies (Luke 11-14-19). Then he answers, “But if it is by the finger of God that I cast out the demons, then the kingdom of God has come to you” (v 20).
The context of these two events in the same chapter should settle the issue once for all. Jesus tells the disciples to pray “Your kingdom come” (v 2) and then says a few verses later, “The kingdom has come” (v 20).
The evidence that the kingdom has arrived is found in Jesus’ victory over demons which he accomplishes by God’s power.
A clue may be found in the wording of the Lord’s Prayer. When his disciples ask for instructions on how to pray, Jesus answers, “When you pray, say: ‘Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come’” (Luke 11:1-2). Were they to pray expecting God to answer speedily? This seems to be the case. After all, the remainder of the instructions deals with immediate expectations: “Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we ourselves forgive everyone indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation” (vv 3-4).
It seems they were expecting the prayer to be answered without delay. Hence they were expecting the kingdom of God to arrive likewise.
Only 10 verses later, Luke tells how one of Jesus’ opponents accuses him of casting out demons by Beelzebub, which he denies (Luke 11-14-19). Then he answers, “But if it is by the finger of God that I cast out the demons, then the kingdom of God has come to you” (v 20).
The context of these two events in the same chapter should settle the issue once for all. Jesus tells the disciples to pray “Your kingdom come” (v 2) and then says a few verses later, “The kingdom has come” (v 20).
The evidence that the kingdom has arrived is found in Jesus’ victory over demons which he accomplishes by God’s power.
Saturday, September 24, 2011
The Kingdom of God and the Church
John the Baptist, Jesus, the Twelve, the Seventy, Peter, Stephen, Philip and Paul preached the Gospel of the kingdom.
The Gospel of the kingdom declares that in the person of Christ, the kingdom of God arrived, accompanied by signs and wonders. By virtue of Christ's obedience in death, God raised him from the dead and placed him on the throne of David to rule over God's creation. Christ is now enthroned as Lord of the universe. While he reigns over earth, he reigns in the church. While others may not recognize his rule, the church does. It is charged with declaring the reign of God in Christ and inviting all men and women to come under his reign. This is our mission.
The Gospel of the kingdom declares that in the person of Christ, the kingdom of God arrived, accompanied by signs and wonders. By virtue of Christ's obedience in death, God raised him from the dead and placed him on the throne of David to rule over God's creation. Christ is now enthroned as Lord of the universe. While he reigns over earth, he reigns in the church. While others may not recognize his rule, the church does. It is charged with declaring the reign of God in Christ and inviting all men and women to come under his reign. This is our mission.
Wednesday, May 04, 2011
New book contract
I just got word that Harvest House will publish my book on the kingdom of God. A contract is in the mail. Looks like I will be very busy this summer.
Thursday, January 06, 2011
Baptism and the Eternal Covenant
When Jesus was baptized by John in the waters of the Jordan, what was actually transpiring? According to Barth, Christ through his baptism publicly acknowledged and committed himself to carrying out his unique role as Messiah and Savior. As such he took up the task of living wholly for God and wholly for man. This was the first step in fulfilling “the covenant which God resolved upon from all eternity, which He set up with Israel (yet already with a view to all mankind) and which, in virtue of His great love, in spite of man’s unfaithfulness, He willed to bring to its goal in Him, the Son of God as true Son of Man. God for man and man for God is the fulfilled covenant, the accomplished reconciliation, the ministry of Jesus Christ.”
In baptism, Christ stood in “solidarity with men” and placed himself “unconditionally at God’s disposal.” Thus, baptism became the initial public act whereby Jesus accepted his role as mediator between humankind and God. It was an eschatological event that led to the cross, and would culminate in the kingdom of God on earth.
In baptism, Christ stood in “solidarity with men” and placed himself “unconditionally at God’s disposal.” Thus, baptism became the initial public act whereby Jesus accepted his role as mediator between humankind and God. It was an eschatological event that led to the cross, and would culminate in the kingdom of God on earth.
Thursday, December 23, 2010
A New Strategy for Missions is Needed
Am I the only one who is concerned with the way the American church does missions? In my denomination, a missionary must have a M. Div. to be appointed as a full-fledged missionary on a foreign field. Next comes missionary training, which includes more education and learning another language. Once the missionary reaches his/her destination, they often realize how different they are from the natives. Skin color, customs, culture—even the concept of time—become barriers to effective communication. Trust is another factor that stands in the way of establishing healthy relationships, along with American feelings of superiority.
After spending thousands of dollars to train, travel, and set up residency, the hands-on ministry haltingly commences. Discouragement soon sets in, especially during the holidays, and the missionary often yearns for hearth and home.
Just how effective is much our mission strategy?
The same can be asked about short-term missions. I was discussing this question with a good friend who told of a recent medical mission trip to a poor Asian nation. Approximately 30 individuals made the trek to set up make-shift clinics, examine patients, and treat them with prescription drugs. By necessity, they worked through interpreters. The three-week venture cost each participant approximately $3,000. That was $90,000 for the trip. Since the annual project has been ongoing for a decade, nearly $1,000,000 has been expended to date!
What is wrong with this picture? One million dollars could have funded several clinics, staffed with native doctors, nurses, and aides on a full-time basis for the past ten years. Instead of 30 weeks of medical care, the villagers would have received 520 weeks of care.
How did the early church do missions? Is it possible they developed strategies that are still applicable for twenty-first century missions? Hopefully, in the weeks ahead we can provide answers to some of these questions. Your comments are welcomed.
After spending thousands of dollars to train, travel, and set up residency, the hands-on ministry haltingly commences. Discouragement soon sets in, especially during the holidays, and the missionary often yearns for hearth and home.
Just how effective is much our mission strategy?
The same can be asked about short-term missions. I was discussing this question with a good friend who told of a recent medical mission trip to a poor Asian nation. Approximately 30 individuals made the trek to set up make-shift clinics, examine patients, and treat them with prescription drugs. By necessity, they worked through interpreters. The three-week venture cost each participant approximately $3,000. That was $90,000 for the trip. Since the annual project has been ongoing for a decade, nearly $1,000,000 has been expended to date!
What is wrong with this picture? One million dollars could have funded several clinics, staffed with native doctors, nurses, and aides on a full-time basis for the past ten years. Instead of 30 weeks of medical care, the villagers would have received 520 weeks of care.
How did the early church do missions? Is it possible they developed strategies that are still applicable for twenty-first century missions? Hopefully, in the weeks ahead we can provide answers to some of these questions. Your comments are welcomed.
Tuesday, December 21, 2010
Spirit Baptism and Water Baptism
How are baptism with the Holy Spirit and baptism in water related? Are they separate and distinct acts? Does one sequentially or logically follow the other? In some church traditions, the answers are precise and dogmatic.
Roman Catholics, for instance, equate water baptism with Spirit baptism. To be baptized in water is to be born again. The churches of Christ call upon those who hear the gospel to repent and be baptized as a precondition for receiving the Holy Spirit. Other traditions treat water baptism as an initial act of confession that follows conversion or the baptism with the Holy Spirit. All cannot be right. Either: a) one is correct and the others are wrong; b) they are all wrong; or c) each/some may possess partial truth.
While opinions vary, all Christian traditions require members to be baptized with both the Spirit and water.
Karl Barth spent many years of his life trying to sort out this doctrinal dilemma and finally concluded that they were two sides of the same coin or two aspects of one solitary baptism. As Paul taught, “There is one body and one Spirit, just as also you were called in one hope of your calling; one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all who is over all and through all and in all” (Eph 4:6-8). Just as there can be no more than one God, one Lord, or one body, so there is only one baptism.
As such, he held that Spirit baptism is the divine side and water baptism is the human side. One is God’s doing and thus is objective in nature; the other is man’s doing and is subjective in character. He believed that Spirit Baptism is what God does in and to Christ for humankind. Through Christ’s life, death and resurrection, which Barth identified as the initial act of Spirit baptism, God begins to create a new human race of which all may be a part. When the good news is preached and finds root in the individual, man’s will is freed to respond to the gospel in repentance. The proper response is a request to be baptized in water and to identify with the Christian community.
Barth believed that God gives the Holy Spirit to every repentant believer, before, after or at the point of water baptism. This bestowal by God applies the Baptism of the Spirit found in Christ to the individual, when the two become one and the believer actually becomes part of the new creation.
In future entries we will examine Barth’s views of baptism, using his last volume of Church Dogmatics as our guide, and comparing them to the Scriptures. Since Barth waited to the end of his life to speak a final word on baptism, one might conclude he had more time to ponder this subject than all others and that he wanted to get it right.
Roman Catholics, for instance, equate water baptism with Spirit baptism. To be baptized in water is to be born again. The churches of Christ call upon those who hear the gospel to repent and be baptized as a precondition for receiving the Holy Spirit. Other traditions treat water baptism as an initial act of confession that follows conversion or the baptism with the Holy Spirit. All cannot be right. Either: a) one is correct and the others are wrong; b) they are all wrong; or c) each/some may possess partial truth.
While opinions vary, all Christian traditions require members to be baptized with both the Spirit and water.
Karl Barth spent many years of his life trying to sort out this doctrinal dilemma and finally concluded that they were two sides of the same coin or two aspects of one solitary baptism. As Paul taught, “There is one body and one Spirit, just as also you were called in one hope of your calling; one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all who is over all and through all and in all” (Eph 4:6-8). Just as there can be no more than one God, one Lord, or one body, so there is only one baptism.
As such, he held that Spirit baptism is the divine side and water baptism is the human side. One is God’s doing and thus is objective in nature; the other is man’s doing and is subjective in character. He believed that Spirit Baptism is what God does in and to Christ for humankind. Through Christ’s life, death and resurrection, which Barth identified as the initial act of Spirit baptism, God begins to create a new human race of which all may be a part. When the good news is preached and finds root in the individual, man’s will is freed to respond to the gospel in repentance. The proper response is a request to be baptized in water and to identify with the Christian community.
Barth believed that God gives the Holy Spirit to every repentant believer, before, after or at the point of water baptism. This bestowal by God applies the Baptism of the Spirit found in Christ to the individual, when the two become one and the believer actually becomes part of the new creation.
In future entries we will examine Barth’s views of baptism, using his last volume of Church Dogmatics as our guide, and comparing them to the Scriptures. Since Barth waited to the end of his life to speak a final word on baptism, one might conclude he had more time to ponder this subject than all others and that he wanted to get it right.
Friday, December 17, 2010
THE VIRGIN BIRTH AND ISAIAH 7:14
The church traditionally has accepted the reality of the virgin birth. The Apostles Creed proclaims, “I believe in God the Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, and in Jesus Christ, his only begotten Son our Lord, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary . . . .”
The Gospel writer Matthew concludes that Christ’s miraculous birth was the fulfillment of a prophecy recorded in Isa 7:14, “Therefore, the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, a virgin will be with child and bear a son and she will call his name Immanuel” (NASV). When one examines the passage in its historical context, however, it looks like the prophecy is addressed to King Ahaz for his day and age, and not one pointing to the birth of the Messiah. How did Matthew come to his conclusion?
The Gospel writers deemed the OT a divine book, making it different from all other kinds of literature. Therefore, they held that it had a divine as well a human meaning. What the original author intended for his audience (authorial intent) was not the only or final meaning of a passage. The divine author (God) infused the text with another meaning for an entirely different audience, which would be revealed in time. According to Raymond Brown, Scripture should be given a first and second reading; one to discover the human meaning and the other to find the sensus plenior or fuller meaning.
The Gospel writers adopted methods of interpretation that were common to the Second Temple period. Unlike modern-day evangelical exegetes, they did not limit themselves to the grammatical-historical school. They concerned themselves not only with the OT text’s meaning for the original audience, but its divine intent for their contemporary audience. Two of the more popular interpretive methods were:
1. The Pesher method that sought to uncover the eschatological or messianic meaning of the text, which was not necessarily the meaning that the original author intended. This method was prevalent among the scribes of Qumran. Texts such as Ps 118:22–23=Luke 20:17–18; Isa 61:1–2=Luke 4:16–20; Isa 7:14=Matt 1:22–23 can be interpreted this way.
2. The Midrash method that sought to find a deeper than surface meaning to a text through careful observation and prolonged reflection. Deut 25:4=1 Cor 9:8–9 is an example of this method.
Being inspired, the NT writers were given unique abilities to discover the “correct” eschatological or deeper meaning of the text. They understood the OT contained more than mere facts about Israel, but was a record of salvation history up until that point, but which was moving forward. It had an eschatological dimension. The OT then was part of a much larger story, which had not yet been fulfilled. Therefore, from a divine standpoint, each OT story had future implications, often unbeknown to the original author.
Obviously OT writers did not know about Jesus, but their NT counterparts did; thus, when the latter read the Hebrew Scriptures they interpreted them from a Christological perspective (e.g. Isa 7:14; 53:3). To interpret the OT according to the original author’s intent only (the grammatical-historical method) was to miss Jesus. Likewise, when we refuse to go beyond the historical context of a passage; we too miss Jesus in the OT. We end up with Judaism, not Christianity!
The testimony of Jesus himself is that the Hebrew Scriptures point to him (Luke 24:27, 44). Therefore, we must look at these ancient texts from both eschatological and Christological points of view. This is exactly what Matthew does. He reads Isa 7:14 and seeks to discover the divine author’s intent.
The Gospel writer Matthew concludes that Christ’s miraculous birth was the fulfillment of a prophecy recorded in Isa 7:14, “Therefore, the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, a virgin will be with child and bear a son and she will call his name Immanuel” (NASV). When one examines the passage in its historical context, however, it looks like the prophecy is addressed to King Ahaz for his day and age, and not one pointing to the birth of the Messiah. How did Matthew come to his conclusion?
The Gospel writers deemed the OT a divine book, making it different from all other kinds of literature. Therefore, they held that it had a divine as well a human meaning. What the original author intended for his audience (authorial intent) was not the only or final meaning of a passage. The divine author (God) infused the text with another meaning for an entirely different audience, which would be revealed in time. According to Raymond Brown, Scripture should be given a first and second reading; one to discover the human meaning and the other to find the sensus plenior or fuller meaning.
The Gospel writers adopted methods of interpretation that were common to the Second Temple period. Unlike modern-day evangelical exegetes, they did not limit themselves to the grammatical-historical school. They concerned themselves not only with the OT text’s meaning for the original audience, but its divine intent for their contemporary audience. Two of the more popular interpretive methods were:
1. The Pesher method that sought to uncover the eschatological or messianic meaning of the text, which was not necessarily the meaning that the original author intended. This method was prevalent among the scribes of Qumran. Texts such as Ps 118:22–23=Luke 20:17–18; Isa 61:1–2=Luke 4:16–20; Isa 7:14=Matt 1:22–23 can be interpreted this way.
2. The Midrash method that sought to find a deeper than surface meaning to a text through careful observation and prolonged reflection. Deut 25:4=1 Cor 9:8–9 is an example of this method.
Being inspired, the NT writers were given unique abilities to discover the “correct” eschatological or deeper meaning of the text. They understood the OT contained more than mere facts about Israel, but was a record of salvation history up until that point, but which was moving forward. It had an eschatological dimension. The OT then was part of a much larger story, which had not yet been fulfilled. Therefore, from a divine standpoint, each OT story had future implications, often unbeknown to the original author.
Obviously OT writers did not know about Jesus, but their NT counterparts did; thus, when the latter read the Hebrew Scriptures they interpreted them from a Christological perspective (e.g. Isa 7:14; 53:3). To interpret the OT according to the original author’s intent only (the grammatical-historical method) was to miss Jesus. Likewise, when we refuse to go beyond the historical context of a passage; we too miss Jesus in the OT. We end up with Judaism, not Christianity!
The testimony of Jesus himself is that the Hebrew Scriptures point to him (Luke 24:27, 44). Therefore, we must look at these ancient texts from both eschatological and Christological points of view. This is exactly what Matthew does. He reads Isa 7:14 and seeks to discover the divine author’s intent.
Friday, December 10, 2010
Remembering Karl Barth
Karl Barth died on December 10, 1968. He is arguably the 20th century's greatest theologian. His commentary on Romans called upon Continental scholars to take seriously the doctrine of justification and to embrace a more Word-centered theology.
Barth's 14 volume Church Dogmatics remains the gold standard for all other theological works (And evangelical's marvel over the size of Wayne Grudem's one volume Systematic Theology!).
Barth was booked two years in advance to come and give the annual lecture at Wesley Theological Seminary (Washington, DC) in 1969. He did not live to see the day. Along with the other MDiv students at Wesley, I was disappointed to hear that Markus Barth, a scholar in his own right, would substitute for his father. He stood at the podium and read his lecture, stopping to pencil-in occasional corrections along the way. At the time I was not impressed.
Since then, however, I have benefited greatly from Markus Barth's writings, particularly his books on the Lord's Supper and baptism. It was in terms of this last issue that the son influenced the father. Before his death Karl Barth testified that he changed his view of baptism. He explained: "In the face of the exegetical conclusions of my son's book [Die Taufe ein Sakrament?], I had to abandon the 'sacramental' understanding of baptism . . ." (Church Dogmatics, IV.4). In its place he embraced believer's baptism, but knew it would be costly to do so. Contemporaries such as Cullmann and Jeremias held staunchly to infant baptism. He stated that this shift "will leave me in the theological and ecclesiastical isolation." Knowing CD, IV.4 would likely be his last major publication before his death, he mused, "I am just about to make a poor exit with it. So be it!" He died one year later.
Karl Barth was a rare breed of scholar whose thirst for knowledge would not allow him to settle doctrinal issues in youth and never think about them again. He remained theologically curious his entire life. We could all learn from his example.
Barth's 14 volume Church Dogmatics remains the gold standard for all other theological works (And evangelical's marvel over the size of Wayne Grudem's one volume Systematic Theology!).
Barth was booked two years in advance to come and give the annual lecture at Wesley Theological Seminary (Washington, DC) in 1969. He did not live to see the day. Along with the other MDiv students at Wesley, I was disappointed to hear that Markus Barth, a scholar in his own right, would substitute for his father. He stood at the podium and read his lecture, stopping to pencil-in occasional corrections along the way. At the time I was not impressed.
Since then, however, I have benefited greatly from Markus Barth's writings, particularly his books on the Lord's Supper and baptism. It was in terms of this last issue that the son influenced the father. Before his death Karl Barth testified that he changed his view of baptism. He explained: "In the face of the exegetical conclusions of my son's book [Die Taufe ein Sakrament?], I had to abandon the 'sacramental' understanding of baptism . . ." (Church Dogmatics, IV.4). In its place he embraced believer's baptism, but knew it would be costly to do so. Contemporaries such as Cullmann and Jeremias held staunchly to infant baptism. He stated that this shift "will leave me in the theological and ecclesiastical isolation." Knowing CD, IV.4 would likely be his last major publication before his death, he mused, "I am just about to make a poor exit with it. So be it!" He died one year later.
Karl Barth was a rare breed of scholar whose thirst for knowledge would not allow him to settle doctrinal issues in youth and never think about them again. He remained theologically curious his entire life. We could all learn from his example.
Monday, November 29, 2010
Revelation from a Historical Critical Approach
Last Sunday I began a series on the book of Revelation. Abandoning the typical approaches, I have opted to teach the Apocalypse using an historical critical method. This means I will attempt to interpret it in its socio-political context and explain what it meant to the original readers. This, of course, is a departure from the spiritual, preterist, and futurist schools of hermeneutics. You can access the lessons via video streaming at: presidentsclass.org
Successful Defense of Dissertation
I am happy to report that I successfully defended my PhD dissertation (University of Wales, UK)last week. It was a rigorous and grueling oral, lasting 2 hours, 45 minutes. The chair of the exam committee held a PhD from Oxford, as did my external examiner. My internal examiner held a PhD from Cambridge. My thesis was "The Lord's Supper in the context of first-century Roman domination was an anti-imperial praxis." While neither of my examiners necessarily viewed the supper in similar fashion, opting for a more traditional view, both believed that I presented a strong argument.
Friday, March 13, 2009
CRISWELL THEOLOGICAL REVIEW TACKLES "INTERRACIALMARRIAGE"
With the inauguration of President Barack Obama, a new era of race relations has begun in America. This child of a racially mixed marriage has captured the highest office of the land and the imaginations of people around the world. One cannot help but notice the complexion of America is changing. The face of our nation is transitioning from a predominately white one to various shades of tan.
The church, however, still struggles with interracial relationships, if not in theory, at least in practice. While Jesus loves the little children without distinction—red and yellow, black and white—his church, for the most part, reflects an equal but separate model of worship. Sunday morning is still the most segregated hour of the week; but, things are slowly beginning to change.
As the racial identity of the nation becomes more blurred, so will the racial make-up of the church. Therefore, it is incumbent on seminary professors to equip future pastors to become effective leaders of a hybrid church. Additionally, those currently in ministry will soon find themselves dealing with matters for which they were not trained. Issues such as racially-diverse worship styles, multiracial leadership, interracial dating and mixed marriage are but a few of the challenges ahead.
The Spring 2009 edition of Criswell Theological Review focuses on the issue of interracial marriage. We have invited a group of experienced scholars to address the topic, including Craig Keener, Danny Hays, and Edwin Yamauchi, among others; plus, we feature an exclusive interview with Rodney Woo, pastor of Wilcrest Baptist Church in Houston, TX, who tells of the joys and difficulties of taking a declining white congregation and transforming it into a thriving multiracial church.
You can order the issue at" Criswelljournal.com
The church, however, still struggles with interracial relationships, if not in theory, at least in practice. While Jesus loves the little children without distinction—red and yellow, black and white—his church, for the most part, reflects an equal but separate model of worship. Sunday morning is still the most segregated hour of the week; but, things are slowly beginning to change.
As the racial identity of the nation becomes more blurred, so will the racial make-up of the church. Therefore, it is incumbent on seminary professors to equip future pastors to become effective leaders of a hybrid church. Additionally, those currently in ministry will soon find themselves dealing with matters for which they were not trained. Issues such as racially-diverse worship styles, multiracial leadership, interracial dating and mixed marriage are but a few of the challenges ahead.
The Spring 2009 edition of Criswell Theological Review focuses on the issue of interracial marriage. We have invited a group of experienced scholars to address the topic, including Craig Keener, Danny Hays, and Edwin Yamauchi, among others; plus, we feature an exclusive interview with Rodney Woo, pastor of Wilcrest Baptist Church in Houston, TX, who tells of the joys and difficulties of taking a declining white congregation and transforming it into a thriving multiracial church.
You can order the issue at" Criswelljournal.com
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
John Updike on the Resurrection
Most Christians have heard of John Updike, the famed Pulitzer Prize author of poems and short stories, but few have ever read him. Fewer still know of the profound influence that Karl Barth had on his understanding of God and his perception of reality. Updike died yesterday in hospice after a bout with cancer. He was 76. Here is a poem he wrote nearly five decades on the resurrection.
SEVEN STANZAS OF EASTER
By John Updike
Make no mistake: if He rose at all
it was as His body;
if the cells' dissolution did not reverse, the molecules
reknit, the amino acids rekindle,
the Church will fall.
It was not as the flowers,
each soft Spring recurrent;
it was not as His Spirit in the mouths and fuddled
eyes of the eleven apostles;
it was as His Flesh: ours.
The same hinged thumbs and toes,
the same valved heart
that — pierced — died, withered, paused, and then
regathered out of enduring Might
new strength to enclose.
Let us not mock God with metaphor,
analogy, sidestepping transcendence;
making of the event a parable, a sign painted in the
faded credulity of earlier ages:
let us walk through the door.
The stone is rolled back, not papier-mache,
not a stone in a story,
but the vast rock of materiality that in the slow
grinding of time will eclipse for each of us
the wide light of day.
And if we will have an angel at the tomb,
make it a real angel,
weighty with Max Planck's quanta, vivid with hair,
opaque in the dawn light, robed in real linen
spun on a definite loom.
Let us not seek to make it less monstrous,
for our own convenience, our own sense of beauty,
lest, awakened in one unthinkable hour, we are
embarrassed by the miracle,
and crushed by remonstrance.
From Updike, John. "Telephone Poles and Other Poems" (New York: Alfred A. Knopf,1961).
SEVEN STANZAS OF EASTER
By John Updike
Make no mistake: if He rose at all
it was as His body;
if the cells' dissolution did not reverse, the molecules
reknit, the amino acids rekindle,
the Church will fall.
It was not as the flowers,
each soft Spring recurrent;
it was not as His Spirit in the mouths and fuddled
eyes of the eleven apostles;
it was as His Flesh: ours.
The same hinged thumbs and toes,
the same valved heart
that — pierced — died, withered, paused, and then
regathered out of enduring Might
new strength to enclose.
Let us not mock God with metaphor,
analogy, sidestepping transcendence;
making of the event a parable, a sign painted in the
faded credulity of earlier ages:
let us walk through the door.
The stone is rolled back, not papier-mache,
not a stone in a story,
but the vast rock of materiality that in the slow
grinding of time will eclipse for each of us
the wide light of day.
And if we will have an angel at the tomb,
make it a real angel,
weighty with Max Planck's quanta, vivid with hair,
opaque in the dawn light, robed in real linen
spun on a definite loom.
Let us not seek to make it less monstrous,
for our own convenience, our own sense of beauty,
lest, awakened in one unthinkable hour, we are
embarrassed by the miracle,
and crushed by remonstrance.
From Updike, John. "Telephone Poles and Other Poems" (New York: Alfred A. Knopf,1961).
Saturday, April 19, 2008
NEW CTR COMES OFF PRESS
The Spring 2008 Criswell Theological Review (CTR), of which I am editor, is now being mailed to subscribers. This edition of CTR deals exclusively with the explosive issue of "The Christian and Alcohol." Recently, the Southern Baptist Convention has had to address this matter at its annual meeting because so many of its pastors view social drinking as an acceptable practice among their parishioners. What do you think about the issue? How does the Scriptures handle the issue? CTR presents all sides of the controversy from a theological, historical, social and biblical perspective.
To get a glimpse of the Spring 08 CTR, go to: www.criswelljournal.com
To get a glimpse of the Spring 08 CTR, go to: www.criswelljournal.com
Friday, March 07, 2008
Watch Video Streaming on Exegesis of Luke
My Sunday morning exegetical messages on the Gospel of Luke can be viewed on the web at www.presidentsclass.org
These verse-by-verse teachings, which examine the text from an historical-critical perspective, show how Jesus' proclaiming and demonstrating the kingdom of God was central to his eschatological mission.
The website features about eight messages. Each Monday afternoon we place a new video online, and the oldest one is removed.
We offer these for your education and edification. Please tell other pastors and theological students about the website. We hope the messages will stimulate your thinking and motivate you to do further research on each passage.
After listening to the messages, please give me some feedback.
These verse-by-verse teachings, which examine the text from an historical-critical perspective, show how Jesus' proclaiming and demonstrating the kingdom of God was central to his eschatological mission.
The website features about eight messages. Each Monday afternoon we place a new video online, and the oldest one is removed.
We offer these for your education and edification. Please tell other pastors and theological students about the website. We hope the messages will stimulate your thinking and motivate you to do further research on each passage.
After listening to the messages, please give me some feedback.
Tuesday, March 04, 2008
UPCOMING SPEAKING ENGAGEMENTS
March
2, 9, 16, 23, 30 -- Teaching the Presidents Class, First Baptist Church (Dallas), 9:30 a.m. each Sunday
25 -- Criswell College chapel service, 10:00 a.m.
April
6, 13, 20, 27 -- Presidents Class FBC (Dallas), 9:30 a.m.
6 -- First Baptist Church (Dallas) evening service (6:00 p.m.).
2, 9, 16, 23, 30 -- Teaching the Presidents Class, First Baptist Church (Dallas), 9:30 a.m. each Sunday
25 -- Criswell College chapel service, 10:00 a.m.
April
6, 13, 20, 27 -- Presidents Class FBC (Dallas), 9:30 a.m.
6 -- First Baptist Church (Dallas) evening service (6:00 p.m.).
Tuesday, January 08, 2008
Annexation, A Kingdom Perspective
Last night the City Council of Rockwall, Texas, held public meetings to discuss annexation of 234 acres of land. Since my acre is included, I attended the hearing.
After many property owners voiced emotional pleas, asking the Council to exempt their property from annexation, I rose to speak. In a moment of clarity, I saw that the real issue was a clash between two kingdoms. The city had the legal right to annex our land and boost their tax base, and by golly they were going to do it whether we wanted them to or not. Forced annexation is a manifestation of governmental power and differs very little from the Roman system of domination. Therefore, I decided to approach the issue from a kingdom perspective.
Here are my comments:
____
Mr. Mayor and members of the Council. I can’t add much more to what has already been said; so, I wish to address the basic issue of justice and fairness. Sometimes what is legal is not fair or just.
When our forefathers declared their independence from Great Britain, they stated, “Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”
By adding the adjective “just” to “power” they were making a moral argument, not a legal one. There is a different between “raw power” and “just power.” The latter is derived only from the consent of the governed.
When my wife and I moved to Rockwall County 15 years ago, we chose to live outside the city limits. Now our rights and desires are in jeopardy by this council who wants to annex us into the city without our consent.
Our precious next door neighbors were retired and on a fix income when we moved into our home 15 years ago. They no longer drive at night and are not here. Annexation will place an undo burden on these good people. With the current drop in property values and the anticipated recession will this couple, who still lives on the same fixed income as before, be able to pay the extra taxes and $10,000 sewer hookup required by annexation?
The city of Rockwall may exercise its legal power, but one must question whether it is “just,” since it is being done without the consent of the people? The issue is a moral one.
When the Republic of Texas was annexed (1845) into the United States of America it was done only with the consent of the citizens of Texas.
Consent is the founding principle upon which our nation was established and upon which “just power” is derived.
I appeal to your sense of fairness and justice. Annexation without consent is un-American and it is certainly not the Texan thing to do.
After many property owners voiced emotional pleas, asking the Council to exempt their property from annexation, I rose to speak. In a moment of clarity, I saw that the real issue was a clash between two kingdoms. The city had the legal right to annex our land and boost their tax base, and by golly they were going to do it whether we wanted them to or not. Forced annexation is a manifestation of governmental power and differs very little from the Roman system of domination. Therefore, I decided to approach the issue from a kingdom perspective.
Here are my comments:
____
Mr. Mayor and members of the Council. I can’t add much more to what has already been said; so, I wish to address the basic issue of justice and fairness. Sometimes what is legal is not fair or just.
When our forefathers declared their independence from Great Britain, they stated, “Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.”
By adding the adjective “just” to “power” they were making a moral argument, not a legal one. There is a different between “raw power” and “just power.” The latter is derived only from the consent of the governed.
When my wife and I moved to Rockwall County 15 years ago, we chose to live outside the city limits. Now our rights and desires are in jeopardy by this council who wants to annex us into the city without our consent.
Our precious next door neighbors were retired and on a fix income when we moved into our home 15 years ago. They no longer drive at night and are not here. Annexation will place an undo burden on these good people. With the current drop in property values and the anticipated recession will this couple, who still lives on the same fixed income as before, be able to pay the extra taxes and $10,000 sewer hookup required by annexation?
The city of Rockwall may exercise its legal power, but one must question whether it is “just,” since it is being done without the consent of the people? The issue is a moral one.
When the Republic of Texas was annexed (1845) into the United States of America it was done only with the consent of the citizens of Texas.
Consent is the founding principle upon which our nation was established and upon which “just power” is derived.
I appeal to your sense of fairness and justice. Annexation without consent is un-American and it is certainly not the Texan thing to do.
Friday, December 07, 2007
Speaking Schedule For Dec, Jan, Feb
DECEMBER
Sunday Morning (9:30) Dec 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 Presidents Class, FBC (Dallas, TX)
JANUARY
Sunday Morning (9:30) Jan 6, 13, 20, 27 Presidents Class, FBC (Dallas, TX)
Sunday Evening (5:45) Jan 13, Baptism, FBC (Dallas, TX)
Wednesday Evening (6:15) Jan 9, 16, 23, 30 Midweek Bible Study, FBC (Dallas, TX)
FEBRUARY
Sunday Morning (9:30) Feb 3, 10, 17, 24 Presidents Class, FBC (Dallas, TX)
Monday Evening (7:00) Feb 25 Annual Expository Preaching Conference (Plenary Speaker), Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (Fort Worth, TX)
Sunday Morning (9:30) Dec 2, 9, 16, 23, 30 Presidents Class, FBC (Dallas, TX)
JANUARY
Sunday Morning (9:30) Jan 6, 13, 20, 27 Presidents Class, FBC (Dallas, TX)
Sunday Evening (5:45) Jan 13, Baptism, FBC (Dallas, TX)
Wednesday Evening (6:15) Jan 9, 16, 23, 30 Midweek Bible Study, FBC (Dallas, TX)
FEBRUARY
Sunday Morning (9:30) Feb 3, 10, 17, 24 Presidents Class, FBC (Dallas, TX)
Monday Evening (7:00) Feb 25 Annual Expository Preaching Conference (Plenary Speaker), Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (Fort Worth, TX)
Tuesday, July 10, 2007
Kingdom of God
"I know a place
where sinners all are saints
Virgins once were whores
Where all the freaks and the geeks
And everything in between
Walk through the doors
To the Kingdom of the poor."
- Andrew Phillip Ehrenzeller
where sinners all are saints
Virgins once were whores
Where all the freaks and the geeks
And everything in between
Walk through the doors
To the Kingdom of the poor."
- Andrew Phillip Ehrenzeller
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